Range is okay 2. Chain Lightning (30/30) MAX. . Swap them out when you're bossing/mobbing. Each have their advantages and disadvantages. Ice mage wins in mobbing, Fp is in an whole other level with bossing. (13:49 UTC; Friday, 21 April 2023: The Universe choose Ice/Lightning mage as my perm main . 15 votes, 17 comments. Granted, it's hella annoying to constantly have to react to not getting a recharge by casting another skill, but this can be avoided by using the spanish farming method. Frost clutch Chain Lightning Blizzard . The skill will hit one mob, and then immediately bounce to another, creating a chain. MapleStory Lara Skill Build Guide. Rather than using kanna's teleport and shikigami haunting, you use your best attack on ctrl and the other on alt. MapleStory, Arch Mage (Ice·Lightning) (Female), Mary Janes, Fanart, Pixiv, PNG Conversion, Fanart from Pixiv. Doing some tests before the il nerf to ice age and fp nerf to inferno aura hitting in the coming update. To give you an overview of the numerous link skills in the Maplestory, we’ve created the following chart with all link skills in the game. Don't be Nightlord #1029934, Dawn Warrior #59409 or whatever. For their secondary weapon, Buccaneer can equip Wrist Bands. You also. Area stays icy for 25 seconds, periodically inflicting 260% damage and adding freezing stacks to enemies caught inside. I am a bit biased, however i suggest Ice Lightning, if you are playing with a mate and your mate needs a support you can. Fire/Poison has reasonably many mobbing skills as well. เข้ามาดูชุมชน Pony Frenzy Service บน Discord - สังสรรค์กับสมาชิกคนอื่นๆ อีกกว่า 2335 คน แล้วแชทด้วยกันทั้งเสียงและข้อความฟรี7. | 76628 membersYes Lightning skill breaks ice stacks but you have a ton of ice skills to keep those stacks during burst. Quests used in Reawakening the Gladius: Max per slot 100 Sold for 400 meso Dropped by Ice Drake; Pepe. . 5″ x 3. ago. List is based off comments. Ice Lightning: Frozen breath (bind and iframe) Explorer mages: Ethereal form. Hope it helps. Reboot central, class discords, legion discord, and all the individual reg server worlds discords all offer much more valuable information and community than the main MapleStory discord. Part of the Zero To hero series where we level an ice lightning mage from scratch on an empty account. They deal slightly less damage than Fire/Poison and have some. Cold Beam: Grows sharp ice crystals in front. . Features damage boosting support skills with a unique combo system. Nightlords do not have an upjump, the best they got is rope life or shadow web. I have fun with both Ice/Lightning and Marksman. I'm using old reddit so that might be the issue. In late game maps like limina we can easily get over 900m/hr meso rates. stitch1294 • 2 yr. Upon reaching Level 30, an Explorer Magician can become a Magician (Ice, Lightning) by choosing to become a Wizard (Ice, Lightning) after completing the 2nd Job Advancement at Level 30. HoYoung - Message Zexous#4024 or StAn#7019 on discord. Level 1: MP Cost: 30, Damage: 61%, Number of Attacks: 4, Max Enemies Hit: 6. ALL Maplestory GMS players are requested to NOT charge NX untill things Change. 88%) | Ice/Lightning Archmage | Elysium | MapleStory Global. Maximum Level: 20. The Reddit community for MapleStory. Ice Lightning Mage is one of the three pathways a mage can choose and is often described as a really popular class. 2. However I just can't get either perfect trio node but I'm able to get a mixture of the two nodes. • 1 yr. And finally additional damage is on par with Magic/Physical damage hyper stats. The second is in Advanced. No monster that you need to worry about takes increased/reduced elemental damage anymore. Freezing Crush: Grants Critical Damage Bonus when attacking Frozen enemies. Piece of Ice: Description Water frozen through the power of magic. Lumi's can basically stand in place spamming reflection for 700m an hour rates. 1. also you can get 3% critical rate from wand but people dont like hearing that. Level 3: MP Cost: 7, Damage: 40. Thunder Bolt: Damage increased. You use whichever of these two charges you prefer. Mobbing classes like I/L or Luminous can quickly. Their second job is Wizard (Ice, Lightning), their third job is Mage (Ice, Lightning), and their fourth job is Arch Mage (Ice, Lightning. - Facebook : hello~ After a bunch of gains during and after Shining Star Force in Maplestory a couple weeks ago, I decided I should share how my gear is looking aft. Tweet. 2. In my personal opinion, Ice Lightning is the most boring mage class. I/L is a top tier mobber but average/below average bosser. As a lumi player, i think any IL/FP/Bishop mage after adventure revamp will be better than lumi. Members Online • fifihihi . The arguments for wand include 1st job passive, 2nd job freezing crush, 3rd job arcane overdrive, 4th job frost clutch. First, being in the Voice and Video menu. Upon reaching Level 30, an Explorer Bowman can become a Bowmaster by choosing to become a Hunter after completing the 2nd Job Advancement at Level 30. Question 4 : Well, bishop has extra EXP and drops. Anima Hoyoung Lara - Jan 12, 2023 Cygnus Knight Blaze Wizard - Jan 10, 2022 Dawn Warrior - Jan 26, 2021 , Jan 4, 2022 Mihile - Feb 16, 2021 Night…The Reddit community for MapleStory. New comments cannot be posted. I've been told I should boost Chain Lightning, Frozen Orb, Lightning Orb, Elquines, Thunderstorm, and Blizzard. You don’t have to look at your screen very much. Step into a New Age of MapleStory with 6th Job skills, enhanced 5th Job abilities, and the new Hexa Matrix!Heya, Maplers! We're pleased to announce the opening of the Official MapleStory Discord server and invite those who are interested in joining us. NUB: Noob. Business, Economics, and Finance. PF is pretty lazy. The amount of MP absorbed was reduced from 10% to 5% of max MP and reduced from 5% to 3% from boss monster. 47%) | Ice/Lightning Archmage | Bera | MapleStory Global. MapleStory/Magician. In GMS, we have Sweetwater equips and the SW Katara gives 30% Boss Damage. About the fire poison part, I did hear some rumors that going full% int on. Idk when i should be aiming for att, ied, or boss dmg. The standard is chain lightning + orb + blizzard. For now I think they are very similar so it depend on what you want. Max is 30 points. Their second job is Page, their third job is White Knight, and their fourth job is Paladin. Fd > MDC > additional damage. While true in the past, it has not been an issue since the On Air patch. gg/ms. . But first, let’s begin the guide with some introduction. For their secondary weapon, Bishop can equip Magic Books and. Level 3: Use MP 14, Attack 87, Mastery 15%, freezes enemy for 1 sec. Shadower: Trickblade. I tested on gd. Their second job is Hunter, their third job is Ranger, and their fourth job is Bowmaster. F/P is also an amazing bosser, one of the best. I haven’t even heard much about this class after destiny. In certain maps where other characters' skill effects are not visible,. (13:49 UTC; Friday, 21 April 2023: The Universe choose Ice/Lightning mage as my perm main . what you prob want to play is Adele. I have 4 tri-nodes on my Bishop: Angel Ray/Big Bang/Bahamut. You can see them as the fence between Fire/Poison Arch Mage and Bishop. This was changed a few years ago. With that, the MapleStory Team and I have a very difficult announcement regarding one of our beloved classes, Jett. I will figure out what AB is if I ever need one :-) In the meantime, I doubt that I wil prioritize rope lift for my I/L. apex. Helps because of how often job changes occur within the explorer warriors, try digging around maple central yoj should find it within a few minutes. Here's an analogy for you. This class is available from December 1st in GMS for all to play and was released during. Bossing isn’t the best but mobbing is really S tier imo for chill mobbing. Number of Attacks: 10. The Reddit community for MapleStory. kgmeister. Cold Beam: Damage increased. Level 20: MP Cost: 90, Damage: 335% Number of Attacks: 4, Max Monsters Hit: 8, Freeze Duration: 8 sec. One of the amazing technology that I saw when I played the game 'TERA' was a LIVE Update of an Online game's chat record on. Locked; SOLD NA Reboot | 25x Ice Lightning Mage | 6. The MapleStory 2 tier list (2023) is a complete guide to the best classes in the game. You can see them as the fence between Fire/Poison Arch Mage and Bishop. One of the reasons for this is their ability to farm the entire map incredibly efficiently, making them an easy class to. This Link Skill can be stacked up to 3 times, once for each unique Explorer Magician job character you have on this world. The Reddit community for MapleStory. MapleStory. 2021 Maplestory Ping-Reliant Classes. xBanamichix • 3 yr. 2nd best is 50% buff duration and the rest. FP has the highest base skill damage, therefore lower ceiling to 1-2 shot monsters but shorter teleport range compared to IL. Valheim Genshin Impact Minecraft Pokimane Halo Infinite Call of Duty: Warzone Path of Exile Hollow Knight: Silksong Escape from Tarkov Watch Dogs: Legion. For those who don't know, 10% boss does not amplify skill damage in the sense that I am using the term Skill damage. Frost, Fire, Lightning: Heavy Gunner: Cannon: Fire, Physical, Lightning: MapleStory 2 Class D. 190 – Nova: Liberation of Cadena is live on. Maplestory; Replies 2 Views 409. PC: Price Check for an item before buying or selling an item. 137 - MapleStory DESTINY Explorer Remaster - Archmage I/L Chain Lightning RANGE Increased by A LOTT!!• Explorer Remaster Playlist: Lightning Bossing Mule Is DECENT - Maplestory RebootIn Todays video I take you through my ice lightning bossing mule in maplestory reboot. The reason being its only 6 matt (like you mentioned) and explorer mages like myself get a 5% crit rate on wands. All Games 1876. ago. [New Users] Please note that all new users need to be approved before posting. MapleStory is a 2D side-scrolling MMORPG and this MapleStory Review will take a look at the game in it's new modern era. I need to find Shammos in ice ravine entrance to finish my quest but I have no idea how to get there :( Locked post. At this point, BW suffers from ping to the same extent as any class would. Run 2 secondary weapons imo. super-smash-bros. Deimos and Fearless are very similar, but fearless prelude beats out Deimos by 2 int (iirc) but ONLY if you have a perfect fearless prelude (perfect level ups = 15 int max level without star forcing -> 46 int at 12 stars) If you don't care about that 2 int difference nor. For arcana, CLP / LP1 are good, Depends on how strong you are. Aïsu Level 250 (0. Bossing: battle mage seems better suited because of. Ice Lightning +1 Attack Speed: 38% Buff Duration: 20% Critical: 8% Damage to Inflicted/Debuffed: Illium +1 Attack Speed: 10% Boss Dmg: 20% Critical: 8% Damage to Inflicted/Debuffed:. Reply replyFP pre-200 does feel pretty badly. Some classes prefer using cooldown hats. Divine charge and blast, both have damage over time skills now to help improve both mobbing and bossing. Many people recommend training an Ice, Lightning to 200 and then job changing to Fire, Poison due to their perceived lackluster mobbing of the class. F/P for 1v1, I/L for 1V>1. Hello all! I'm here today to give to you a Comprehensive Thunder Breaker Guide as of GMS Patch v177. I’ve read a guide, but can’t find anyone that knows specially about Ice lightning. - with 12 good link skills & an 8k Legion behind me, I. It should be more optimal to switch meteor shower and teleport mastery + creeping toxin, since creeping toxin is more of your damage. Global Rank 113633 | Ice/Lightning Archmage Rank 2391 | Bera Rank 11854 | Ice/Lightning Archmage Rank in Bera 264. Final Cut and Freezing Breath share a steal slot, making it 5 max, plus you would never steal Freezing Breath over Final Cut. Blizzard seems cooler falling at an angle than the new straight down. which means you need less crit% overall as an i/l. You attack a ranged enemy by throwing a Rue collected from a mine. Razer Inc. Best Maplestory Training Spots 1-200 Guide (GMS v. The chance to absorb MP was increased from 20% to 30%. This specific job route is determined when you reach Level 30. Just remember, maxed skill boost nodes give 120% final damage (lvl55+5). Flame Sweep/Flame Haze/Mist Eruption. No monster that you need to worry about takes increased/reduced elemental damage anymore. View and download this 645×1147 Arch Mage (Ice·Lightning) (Female) image with 4 favorites, or browse the gallery. guide. Players getting temporary 1 week bans for "hacking or unauthorized of 3rd party programs". Most discords have a "react to this post with this specific emoji" to agree to the rules of the discord and then you will automatically get access to the rest of the discord upon doing so. My goal was to get him to 220 to recieve the dominator pendant and hand it over to my main. From StrategyWiki, the video game walkthrough and strategy guide wiki. I have 2 very delicious dishes (the classes) but they both have different nutrition values (the utility, bossing, etc). The Reddit community for MapleStory. Hi I just started out playing maplestory and I am having a lot of fun. 882 Online. Warriors: Heros: Most powerful vanilla warrior period and one of the most powerful class vanilla period. Hayato's primary mobbing tools are. MapleStory Cygnus Beginner/Noblese Skill Build Guide MapleStory Explorer. Can link with all skills except for Thunder during Lightning Spear Multistrike. Level 8: Not much to say. WHERE IS ICE RAVINE ENTRANCE . it makes casting everything faster so that u get more of ur main attack skill in. This is how others see you. Just curious, how does Ice Lightning mage right now with the current damage/utility/mobbing wise when it comes to actually maining him. Negative things about Monster Collection 4. Overview. ) Post-Neo: Dark Knight's Beholder Impact +20% IED, Marksman's Sniping +5% IED, Shadower's Demon Slashing Shadow Formation +20% IED, Battle Mage's Abyssal Lightning + 20% IED, Wild Hunter's Wild Vulcan - Ignore Guard +10% IED. With [AS 0] and [10% boss] for our inner ability, A [4,1,1] x10 would equate to 447,240% skill damage. The argument for staff is due to more att and crit sources (Hyper stat, arcane overdrive. I see IED (15%) + Magic ATT% (3%) Mineral Badge Toy Badge Cloud Badge Time Badge Dragon Badge Beach Badge Wave Badge Apocalypse Badge Dumb questions follow: - can I equips, say, the first 2 or 3 on the list (not the same one twice)?The Reddit community for MapleStory. maplestory, maple story, maplestory 250, maplestory 235, maplestory river, maplestory arcane river, maplestory night lord, maplestory princess no, maplestory chaos vellum, maplestory lucid, maplestory lucid solo, maplestory will, maplestory hard will, maplestory darknell. If you're not intending to main the class, IA is not really. Specifically speaking, purely for damage output F/P is better. They also both have their own bind which helps open up a node slot. Blizzard massively increases your dps as mini snow meteors rain down the mobs on each hit. net. • 1 yr. 3150x4200 6,126kB jpg. The link skill is additional %damage (depending. This increases their mobbing dps. If you have Ice Age or Blizzards CD’s procs going then you don’t need Frozen Orb in those moments and can spam CL as it will add the stacks for you. Aïsu Level 250 (0. Legion Level. One suggestion is to use those green chat slots for skills/potions. Ice Lightning: Attack Speed +1: 38% Buff: 20% Crit: 8% Debuff: Bishop: 50% Buff: 10% Boss: 8% Debuff-Bowmaster: 20% Boss:. Otherwise, I'd recommend ice lightning, for new players, mobbing is really important (imo) as it's really hard to appreciate a class you're not enjoying, and training is where you spend most of the game in. F/P is one of the strongest sustained damage classes in the game. Condenses high-pressure lightning with extreme cold then explodes it to create a frozen landscape where lightning flows. Description: Attacks and freezes multiple enemies at once using ice fragments from the Ice Demon. Also don't forget to use Infinity and keep your buffs up. Mushroom Shrine (MapleStory) Poster. I/L is a very strong burst class with decent off burst damage. Discord; Twitter; Pinterest. Upon reaching Level 30, an Explorer Magician can become a Bishop by choosing to become a Cleric after completing the 2nd Job Advancement at Level 30. MapleStory, Arch Mage (Ice·Lightning) (Female), Mary Janes, Fanart, Pixiv, PNG Conversion, Fanart from Pixiv. 20s cd Conditional iframe. There's two things I did and haven't crashed since. Hope you like these. Will be easier to clear camps. Magician (Ice, Lightning) is a branch of the Explorer Magician class. No lucid soul, no vac pet. Not affiliated with or filtered by Nexon. Maplestory Mobcounts (Sellas +) This is a list of mobcounts of all grinding fields in the Arcane River (Sellas+)/Grandis. OMW: On my way. As well, for mages (aside from Battle Mage), the weapon's attack speed doesn't matter as theres a separate "casting" speed. Their second job is Wizard (Fire, Poison), their third job is Mage (Fire, Poison), and their fourth job is. Fd is self explanatory, cap raise is kinda the minimum requirement for you to carry your own weight at cRA. Data for levels 210+. Ice Lightning, Luminous, Shade, Adele, Jett luminous has a "gauge" but its not really a guage. Ice Lightning Mage. Just try the class out. Their second job is Wizard (Ice, Lightning), their third job is Mage (Ice, Lightning), and their. Always staff because the casting speed is the same. Arch Mage Ice/Lightning. The second line I'd recommend would be inflict 7-8% additional damage to monsters inflicted with status. Cool aesthetics,. Khorpion. Not affiliated with or restricted by Nexon. Ice/Lightning is a subclass of the original Magician class that specializes in dealing ice and lightning-based damage to enemies. Enemies who are weak against Ice and Lightning will. Keep in mind you will most likely need a green potion from Monster Park to achieve the hard cap on how fast you can cast. Thunder Spear: Increased damage. Happy maplingThe Reddit community for MapleStory. There are 2 types of Hyper Stats. Level 200+ SS verification required Ice/Lightning Mage - See "Explorer Mages" Illium Jett MapleStory Discover Your Story! MapleStory delivers legendary MMORPG adventures with boldly original iconic 2D charm. Luminous is a mage class and wields the Shining Rod weapon to deal damage. Neinheart - A Discord bot for MapleStory! Hi, I’m the developer for a discord bot called Neinheart. Ice Lightning GMS Reboot Hexa Skill Leveling Order. MapleStory Ice Lightning Mage class guide that covers everything from movement skills, bossing skills (burst rotations), and training skills (mobbing) after the. . Statistics. Ice Demon: Master level changed to 10. Mobbing: before 4th job, both are about the same but battle mage has more damage so I'll give them the win, but at 4th job I/l has chain lightning. Buccaneer utilize Knuckles as their primary weapons. . mapleplayr; Jun 16, 2023; Maplestory;. but getting a higher ammount is still nice. 2. They deal slightly less damage than Fire/Poison and have some self-support skill acting as its defense such as ice skills to freeze enemies from retaliating. 60 x 25% = 15 -> 15 + 60 = 75 (In other words… 60 x 125% = 75)Only benefit you get from a wand is the bonus 3% critical rate, but you'll be missing out on magic attack. After talking to Robeira, head back to Victoria Island and talk to "Grendel the Really Old" which is located in Ellinia. I’ve heard that additional dmg line is good for bossing too, however I’m not too sure if it. 578. Ice Lightning has more consistent damage on multiple targets. Tri-core for Ice lightning mage after destiny update. MapleLegends Forums - Old School MapleStory. Staff has a higher base magic attack, and while wand gives you crit rate, you cap out at 100% through other sources easily. 56 - Livestream Highlights: Cubing Cadena Secondary Weapon and Spirit Saviour Attempts [23 JUN 2017] v5. This class really shines when it comes to map control and if you’re looking to get a character to 250+, they are one of the easiest. First job - dark sight 2nd job - warriors/heros weap atk buff 3rd job - holy symbol 4th job - cannon bazooka or chain lightning For 1st and 2nd job mobbing Just take from pathfinder For hyperskill - I took sacro from paladin (not good for mobbing/mainly took for bossing). Spread is the clunkiest shit i've seen. that's the effect (dpm-wise) of. pyguy7 • 2 yr. ago. ago. Try turning them off and see if it fixes any issue with crashing. Thanks to Arclancer from the ice lightning discord for this rotation! Last Horizon 6 in Moonbridge on Wild Totem spawns. MapleStory M 2012 Jump Original Information Class / Branch Explorer / Magician Main Stat Intelligence (INT) Primary Weapon Wand or Staff Secondary Weapon Shield or Magic. rookirl • 2 yr. 5 set abso, 17 star, 2 line legendary, maxed soul seeker nodes, 6k legion and 1. 1. There are unknown mobcounts, but their spawn locations are known (without sources; the original creator did the research by himself). A decent amount. You can use special characters and emoji. You can look at it in another perspective as the ultimate all-in-one potion that recovers both HP and MP without wasting a drop of it. I also remove all unecessary buttons like cash shop, event, item pot, boss party, key bindings, etc. Helluuuu - welcome back! This is the full run of the Normal Lotus run - definitely need to improve my I/L mage gameplay but hey a clear is a clear - and it's. There’s no Dark Knight discord, rather an explorers warrior discord where all of them hang. AB = Angelic Buster, you’ll probably eventually make one for it’s link skill (although idk if I/L use it). This brings your stats at level 45 to 263 int and 20 luk. บทความอัพเดทใหม่ในหัวข้อ piece of ice maplestory. yeah, im also not a fan of the purple/violet colour they added to blizzard. Discord; Twitter; Pinterest;Level 120 Ice and Lightning MageSong 1: Tsuki no Curse Song 2: Kokoro no ChizuView and download this 768×1152 Arch Mage (Ice·Lightning) (Female) image with 2 favorites, or browse the gallery. Can agree with you on the OP hyper and Crit rate, however bishops have more crit. Frozen Breath is a longass iframe doubles as a bind. 1. Discord Bot Invite. With [AS 0] and [10% boss] for our inner ability, A [4,1,1] x10 would equate to 447,240% skill damage. Ice/Lightning Wizard specializes in freezing monsters and dealing extra damage against monsters that are weak ice and weak lightning. Ice Lightning Arch Mage is a mix bag of support and fire-power. And more! Maplers are free to come and go as they please so long as they are respectful! Please be mindful that we will ask you to follow the guidelines closely as our MapleStory Discord has over 50,000 members. The first perfect trio node is CL, FO, and LO while the second perfect trio node is Elq,TS, and Bliz. What's your stat looking like? I cleared CRA pretty early on my I/L, They're so strong rn! I just infinity, bind, Jupiter thunder, snow witch, , ice age bolt barrage, then lightning. There are tons of way worse classes that need to be buffed up. Then have 1 secondary with 2 lines att and another with 2 lines boss. Ice mage wins in mobbing, Fp is in an whole other level with bossing. Requirement: Level 70 Go to El Nath - Chief Residence and speak to Robeira. Enemies who are weak against Ice and Lightning will. What skills are you farming with? What skills from prior job levels do you still use? What do you find to be most efficient? For me, I typically go: Ice-Lightning Mage – Magician 3rd Job Skills. Can freeze like Cold Beam and does as much damage at max as Thunder Bolt would with an elemental advantage. Eg Bishop to ice lightning mage. ago. You can see them as the fence between Fire/Poison Arch Mage and Bishop. 318]. NOTE: Yes I have Angel Ray and Bahamut on the last two. Question. Level 1: MP -25, Max Damage 232%, Up to 5 enemies. I am standing here in the MapleStory Global test client! Because today we’re checking out the remastered ice lightning mage! I got this character transferred from the. MapleStory Hyper Skills are introduced as a supplement in 4th Job Skills which are unlocked as you progress higher levels. If possible, keep the boss at the corner of the map for more lightning procs. Mobbing classes like I/L or Luminous can quickly. It includes a detailed overview of each class, as well as their strengths and weaknesses. re run before mage nerf :’/possible improvements:- with a 6s+ cd hat I should be able to hit 50-52k- meister crit damage skill - seren emblemNot affiliated with or restricted by Nexon. Now with summons having no cooldown, crew summons actually being useful, and the hit box change for ELE this class is way more consistent and straight forward. Not affiliated with or restricted by Nexon. I don't know if my Zelda is "A" or even "B" material, but I'll. This process can take up to 24 hours. Nightlord if you have the funding. Very effective to the monsters vulnerable to ice and lightning, and if struck, the monster will freeze. Not recommended if on reboot. Recommend Wil's. Thunder Breakers (Strikers) are Pirates who are christened under Cygnus, blessed by the spirit of lightning and the sea. So for instance, if I were to use it on a batch of lachelein mobs that I can't really OHKO with it, they will remain bound for the entire duration, unlike bosses, whom only take relatively minimal damage from it, and are. But both are very good and node easy. You can see them as the fence between Fire/Poison Arch Mage and Bishop. This type of wizard is both offense and defense, a mix of Cleric and Fire/Poison mage, where it could use its freezing ability to defend himself from being hurt by monster while dealing lots of damage similar to. To my surprise I really really enjoyed I/L by far more than expected. Paladin is a branch of the Explorer Warrior class. 1. I use lightning charge because when fifth job came out it was actually marginally stronger than divine charge. Cold Beam: Grows sharp ice crystals in front. Thats the conventional path.